压轴题05阅读理解D

考向分析

综合近几年高考对于阅读理解的能力考查形式，2023年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍

然是重点。科普说明文一直都是命题人提高阅读能力的重要考点，因此在近几年的高考命题

中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，其中包括研究报告、科学技术、社会心理、宇

宙探索、医学报告、语言学、社会生活等多种领域，体现了阅读题材的多样性。

压轴题要领

热怠题理五羊F技与舟L天类

1.基本规律：阅读理解D篇阅读文章一般难度都比较大，但命题者设题的难度并不大。

2.实用解题方法：□某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个

问题的同义替换。

□有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。

一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是：作者对什么进行了转折。

□每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓

文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句

□某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作

者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。

□注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。要把握和前

后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转

折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。

□注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时

候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。

压轴题速练

押题速练1.12019•新课标口】

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromour

bodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspend

hourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It's

turningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCH

highschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelberglead

atFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepast

twoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andthey

thinkthey'reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.Theyhaveto

doitjustlikeNASAengineers,9,saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“TherearenotestsJGordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostareno

grades,otherthan4Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it'sTvegottoproducethis

productandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoan

in-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It5sahardbusinessreviewofyour

product.,,

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影响）oncollegeadmissionsandpractical

lifeskills."ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.,,Andthat

annoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersaboutthe

problem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents5communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.

C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts

B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier

C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom

D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform

【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.B

【解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH计划。参与这个计划

的高中生制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结

合起来，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，这项计划实施结果显示会影响到学生

的生活和大学录取。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.The

microorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpace

Station,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.可.知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令

人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每

周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“themicroorganisms”包括

“bacteria”。由此可知，A项正确。

2.推理判断题°根据第二段的HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswith

NASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokill

bacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.可知，HUNCH旨在

把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细

菌；结合最后一段中的GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabout

theproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师

发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH

program的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。故D项正确。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-pcrsonreview,and...itsnot

averynicethingattimes.It5sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.“可知，NASA的工程师会

亲自审核学生们所做的产品。故A项正确。

4.主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的

途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校

教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的

产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域''最适合做文章的标题。故选B。

押题速练2

Thespacecommunityistakingtheorbitaldebris（碎片）threatincreasinglyseriouslythese

days.Multiplesatellite"mega-constellations（巨型星座）"areintheworks,makingspacetraffic

managementandspace-junkremovalmorepressingissuesthanthey'veeverbeen.

Forinstance,SpaceXhasalreadylaunchedmorethan1,700satellitesforitsStarlink

broadbandconstellation.Thecompanyultimatelywantstolauncharound30,000StarIinksatellites

intoorbit.OneWebhaslaunchedmorethanhalfofthesatellitesfbritsplanned648-member

constellation,whichmayalsogrowbeyondthatinitialnumberastimegoeson.

Inaddition,satelliteconstructioncostscontinuetofall,allowingmoreandmorepeopletoget

satellitesupandoperatethem——includingfolkswithverylittleexperienceinthefield.This

openingofthefinalfrontierisgenerallyagoodthing,butitfurtherhighlightstheneedfbr

responsibleactionwhenitcomestosatelliteoperation.In2019,forexample,theSpaceSafety

Coalition（SSC）laidoutasetofproposedvoluntaryguidelinesdesignedtocontrolspacejunk

overthecomingyears.

Onerecommendationisthatallsatellitesoperatingabove250milesbeequippedwith

propulsion（推进）systems,allowingthemtogetawayfrompossiblecollisions（碰撞）.TheSSC

alsorecommendsoperatorswhocontrolsatellitesinlowEarthorbitshouldincludeintheirlaunch

contractsarequirementthatrocketupperstagesshouldbegotridofintheatmosphereshortly

afterliftoff.

Moreactivedebris-fightingstrategiescouldalsobepartofthesolution.Removingjusta

handfulofrocketbodiesordeadsatelliteseveryyearcouldhelpuskeepourspaceJunkproblem

undercontrol,accordingtosomestudies.Andresearchersaroundtheworldaredevelopingand

testingwaystodojustthat,usingnets,harpoons（鱼叉）andothermethods.

Thespace-junkissueisaglobalone,sogovernmentsaroundtheworldshouldhave

conversationsabouthowtodealwithit.Let'shopethetalks,thedecisionsandthetechendup

outpacingtheproblem.

1.WhatdothetwoexamplesinParagraph2illustrate?

A.Orbitaldebrisensuresatellitesafety.

B.Constellationsconsistofmanysatellites.

C.Spaceisbecomingincreasinglycrowded.

D.SpaceXhashighercapacitytoexplorespace.

2.Whycanmorepeoplesendsatellitesintoorbit?

A.Experienceinthisareaisrich.

B.Satellitesarecheapertomake.

C.Satelliteoperationsrequirelittleskills.

D.Spaceisaccessibletocommonpeople.

3.Whatisaneffectivewaytocontrolspacejunk?

A.Removedeadsatellitesfromorbit.

B.Cooperateinmonitoringsatellites.

C.Operatesatellitesatafixedheight.

D.Recyclearocketshortlyafterliftoff.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Spacejunkcleanup

B.Therisksofspacejunk

C.Spacedebrisandsatellites

D.Guidelinesforspacesafety

【答案】1.c2.B3.A4.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是太空垃圾越来越多，空间越来越拥挤以及造成这个

问题的原因和解决方案。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Thespacecommunityistakingtheorbitaldebris（碎片）threat

increasinglyseriouslythesedays.Multiplesatellite''mega-constellations（巨型星座）"areinthe

works,makingspacetrafficmanagementandspace-junkremovalmorepressingissuesthan

the/veeverbeen.（最近，太空界越来越重视轨道碎片的威胁。多个卫星“巨型星座”正在建

造中，这使得太空交通管理和太空垃圾清除问题比以往任何时候都更加紧迫。户和下文的

“Forinstance”可知是通过这两个例子说明太空空间越来越拥挤，故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Inaddition,satelliteconstructioncostscontinuetofall,allowing

moreandmorepeopletogetsatellitesupandoperatethem——includingfolkswithverylittle

experienceintheficld.（此外，卫星建造成本持续下降，这使得越来越多的人能够安装和操作

卫星——包括那些在这一领域缺乏经验的人。”'可知，更多的人可以将卫星送入轨道是因为

制造卫星更便宜，故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Moreactivedebris-fightingstrategiescouldalsobepartofthe

solution.Removingjustahandfulofrocketbodiesordeadsatelliteseveryyearcouldhelpuskeep

ourspace-junkproblemundercontrol,accordingtosomestudies.（更积极的碎片处理策略也可能

是解决方案的一部分。一些研究表明，每年只移除少量火箭体或报废卫星就能帮助我们控制

太空垃圾问题。）“可知，控制太空垃圾的有效方法是将报废卫星从轨道上移除。故选A。

4.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Thespacecommunityistakingtheorbitaldebris（碎片）threat

increasinglyseriouslythesedays.Multiplesatellite''mega-constellations（巨型星座）"areinthe

works,makingspacetrafficmanagementandspace-junkremovalmorepressingissuesthan

the/veeverbeen.（最近，太空界越来越重视轨道碎片的威胁。多个卫星“巨型星座”正在建

造中，这使得太空交通管理和太空垃圾清除问题比以往任何时候都更加紧迫。户可知，文章

主要介绍太空垃圾越来越多，空间越来越拥挤以及造成这个问题的原因和解决方案。所以A

选项“太空垃圾清理''符合文章主旨，适合做标题，故选A。

押题速练3

IfMarswerethepopularkidinschool,Venus（金星）wouldbetheunwelcomeonesittingin

thecorner,largelyignored.VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,butbeingcloserto

thesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.

However,insteadofhavingaclimatethatisjustawarmerversionofEarth,s,Venus'ssurface

andatmosphereareunbearable：cloudsofsulphuricacidblankettheplanet,whileatgroundlevel,

itishotenoughtomeltlead.Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourlife.

JaneGreavesatCardiffUniversity,UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine（磷

化氢）inVenus'satmosphere,withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.

ThatisbecausetheonlywaythisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes（微生

物）.Thoughthisdoesn*tmeanitwasproducedbylifeonVenus,attemptstofindnon-biological

explanationsforitspresencehavesofarfailed.

OurbestwayofconfirmingorrejectingthepossibilityoflifeonVenusistogoandhavea

properlook.WhileMarshasbeenthefocusofinterplanetaryexplorationeffortslately,the

phosphinediscoveryletspeoplelookatVenusinanewlight.AsNASAadministratorJim

Bridenstinetweeted："It'stimetoprioritizeVenus.^^

Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulationswillbeusedtofurtherstudythe

possiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.Morelaboratoryexperimentswillbeconducted

totrytoidentifyotherwaysthephosphinetherecouldbeproduced.However,thereisno

guaranteethattheseeffortswillrevealthetruenatureofthissubstanceonVenus.A

newly-proposedstrategyistodirectlysampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus.Bydoing

so,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine.

ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenus*satmosphereisagreataccomplishment.Thescientific

effortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocusonthisneglectedworld.Possibly,thequietkid

inthecomermaygetthelastlaugh.

1.Intheory,whafsVenusexpectedtobelike?

A.ItisalmostaslargeasEarth.

B.IthasnearlythesamemassasEarth.

C.IthasawannerEarth-likeclimate.

D.Ithastheunbearablesurfaceandatmosphere.

2.WhatcanthediscoveryofphosphineonVenusindicate?

A.Theremightexistsignsoflife.

B.Thiskindofgasisverycommon.

C.Manyproductscanbemadewithit.

D.Experimentswereonceconductedthere.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofobservations.

B.Thepowerofcomputersimulations.

C.Theapproachestoexploringphosphine.

D.Thenecessitytoanalysephosphine.

4.Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetotheexplorationofVenus?

A.Casual.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Doubtful.

【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对金星的一些研究发现。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话"VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,but

beingclosertothesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.^^（金星的质量和大小与地

球几乎相同，但由于离太阳更近，它从太阳获得的热量几乎是地球的两倍。）可知，在理论

上金星是和地球质量相同的但是更温暖的星球。故选Co

2.推理判断题。根据第二段“Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourli缸"（尽

管如此，现在有迹象表明金星可能存在生命）根据第三段第一、二句话“JaneGreavesatCardiff

University,UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine（磷化氢）inVenus'satmosphere,

withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.Thatisbecausetheonlyway

thisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes（微生物）.”（英国加的夫大学的简•格

雷夫斯和她的同事最近在金星大气中检测到磷化氢，有一种可能的解释是它是生物学的副产

品。这是因为在地球上制造这种气体的唯一途径是实验室或通过微生物。）可推知，通过在

金星上发现了磷化氢，说明了那里可能存在生命的迹象。故选A。

3.主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句话“Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulations

willbeusedtofurtherstudythepossiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.,,（在未来的几

个月和几年里，计算机模拟将被用来进一步研究金星大气可能的化学性质。）以及最后一句

话“Bydoingso,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine."（通过这样做，我

们将能够直接测量磷化氢。）可知，该段主要是关于探索金星上的磷化氢是否真正存在的方

法。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句话“ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenuSsatmosphere

isagreataccomplishment.Thescientificeffortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocuson

thisneglectedworld."（在金星大气中发现磷化氢是一项伟大的成就。科学努力可能正是我

们最终重新关注这个被忽视的世界所需要的。）可知，作者认为在金星大气层中发现磷化氢

是一项伟大的成就，因此作者对探索金星的态度是支持的。故选B。

押题速练4【2020•新课标I】

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswere

showntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther

changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperfbnndiverse,evenunusual

functions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey're

shortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'retliinking

abouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,*'

explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesinto

sell-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealso

tryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）・suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscould

reducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants*lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的

工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优

势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

1.主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscovered

thatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%

moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.nJ知例如，在俄亥俄州

扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的

工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关

于绿色植物的益处。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavesto

showwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater,oj

知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下

水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测

植物缺水的情况。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelp

saveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的

植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumed

intheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefroma

powerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗

电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程

中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明

了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了

他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，

达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故

选C.

押题速练5

Quantum（量子）computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingme

articlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceas

humans.Tvealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneiscomputerscientist

ChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilip

Taylor.

Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtech

companieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusiness

Weekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus"curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangein

theoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype（炒作）thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthat

researchersaremakingpromisestheycan'tkeep."What'snew,“Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsof

dollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.^^

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,

journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork'spotential.Ifresearcherscan't

keeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.

Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantum

computingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause44'quantum9stands

forsomethingcoolyoushouldn'tbeabletounderstand."AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,who

suggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.

AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.Healsoansweredmy

questionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-fbundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson'sconcerns

abouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.

Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin（幅度）"to

buildinga“usefUl“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnot

havebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,"Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhave

spentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.

CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin"，asTaylorclaims?

Idon'tknow.I'mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantum

computers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.

1.RegardingJohnson'sconcerns,theauthorfeels.

A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited

2.WhatleadstoTaylor\optimismaboutquantumcomputing?

A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.

C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone“inParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.

Resistant.

4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?

B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?

C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?

D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?

【答案】l.A2.C3.A4.D

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？“，计算

机科学家克里斯•约翰逊和物理学家菲利普•泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。

L推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,

researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheir

work'spotential.Ifresearcherscan'tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,

disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人

员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如

果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ButItrust

Taylor,justasItrustJohnson."（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊

的担忧，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B.unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful

怀疑的；D.excited激动的。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm"byavery

largemargin（幅度ytobuildinga“usefUl“quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactful

problemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise."Headds,''Peoplewillnaturally

discountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoing

withothers."（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上“接近于制造出“有用的”量

子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:'人们

自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，

泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。

3.词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespecially

Dronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“'quantum'standsforsomethingcoolyou

shouldn'tbeabletounderstand."（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被

炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。“）”可知，本句中含有一个原

因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西“，所以它特别容易被炒作。故

prone意为''易于...的"。A.Open.开放的;易受损害的;B.Cool.酷的:C.Useful.有用的；

D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A。

4.主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,

ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus”cure

cancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype

（炒作）thatannoysJohnson."（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行

了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变

化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。"）”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreally

beleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin",asTaylorclaims?Idon,tknow.Tmcertainlynot

goingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像

泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势''领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友

或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）“可知，本文主要论述

了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯•约翰逊和物理学家菲

利普•泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样

成功吗？故选D。

押题速练6

Thisyear,inMarch,IjumpedintoaheatedpoolinCaliforniatomeetadolphinnamedDclle.

AsIapproachedher,Delloturnedtowardsmeandbecameplayful,greetingmebysplashingme

withherbeak.Delighted,Ireachedouttopathershinyskin.Itfeltrubbery,whichwasthemain

giveawaythatDcllethedolphinwasarobot.

Justasfake（假的）animalsarebecomingveryrealistic,it'sbecomingincreasinglyless

acceptabletouseliveanimalsforentertainmentpurposes.DocuinentaricslikeBlackfish

（2013）andTheCove（2009）haveexposedsomeofthehorrifictreatmentandsufferingofocean

mammals.Theresultingpublicprotesthasmadeaquariums（水族馆）controversial,attractingless

visitors.

Arguably,entertainingpeoplewithcaptive（圈养的）animalsisvitalforanimalconservation.

Manyzoosandaquariumsactivelytrytopromoteconservationeffortsbyprovidingeducational

experiencesandencouraginginterestinthenaturalworld.Thistypeofentertainmentisuseful,

becauseitinspirespeopletocare.

Atfirst,thisseemslikeareasontoavoidreplacingtheanimalswithtechnology.However,

researchintherapid-developedfieldofhuman-robotinteractionisshowingastonishingresultson

engagementwithrobotsthatcanimitatelifelikebehaviour.Whenphysicallyinteractive,robots

attractalotofattention.Peopletendtotreatthemlikethey'realive,eventhoughtheyknow

perfectlywellthey'rejustmachines.

Ifwestarttoreplacetheanimalsinourthemeparkswithmachines,willthistrenddecrease

ourwonderforthenaturalworld?Abunchofpeopleexpressednegativegutreactions（本能反

应）afterIpostedvideooftherobotdolphinonTwitter.Andyet,Idon'tbelievethatusingthis

robotanimalswillcauseustoforgettheworthoflivingcreatures.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionDelleinparagraph1?

A.Toshareaspecialexperience.

B.Topromoterubberydolphins.

C.Todrawattentiontorobotanimals.

D.Todescribeadolphinperformance.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutliveanimalsinzoos?

A.Theyarecruellytreated.

B•Theymakezoospopular.

C.Theyarewellentertained.

D・Theydeserveconservation.

3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Reasonsforreplacinganimalswithrobots.

B.Benefitsofentertainingpeoplewithrobots.

C.Researchresultsoninteractionwithrobots.

D.Publicconcernsoverengagementwithrobots.

4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoreplacinganimalswithmachines?

A.Favorable.B.Intoler