听力文本

Facebook Likes Can Tell a Lot About You

Facebook "likes" can tell a lot about a person.

In a 2013 study, researchers showed they could use Facebook "likes" to correctly predict personal information, including a user's sexual identity and ethnicity.

The researchers could also predict a person's age, intelligence, and opinions about religion and politics. They could identify whether someone is happy or used addictive substances. They could even predict whether an individual's parents would stay together until the person turned 21 years old.

The study was based on information from 58,000 volunteers who provided "likes" to Facebook, the American social media company. The findings were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The researchers used computer programs to look for hard-to-establish patterns, such as a link between a love for curly fries and higher intelligence.

The 2013 study found that Facebook users who rated high on Openness often liked Hello Kitty brand products. They also were more likely to be of African-American ancestry and support Democratic Party values.

Many businesses urge people to log on to their websites with Facebook or other social media accounts. This, in turn, provides companies with a complete picture of the user's birthday, list of friends, schools attended and other personal information.

Marketers often use Facebook "likes" and other digital records to sell products and improve services.

The researchers warned about the possible misuse of digital records and personal information. They said marketers can collect information about large numbers of people without asking for their approval and without them noticing. They said companies, governmental agencies, or even one's Facebook friends could gather data that an individual may not have wanted to share.

Cambridge Analytica use of Facebook

Last week, Facebook reported that a private company called Cambridge Analytica did just that with data from its social media website.

Facebook said Cambridge Analytica collected private information, including Facebook "likes," from more than 50 million Facebook users. It said the company got the information from 270,000 people who downloaded a software program described as a personality test. Those individuals agreed to share personal information for a study.

A researcher also took the information of all their Facebook friends, a move that was permitted under Facebook's rules until 2015. The researcher then sold the information to Cambridge Analytica, which used the data during the 2016 election campaign in the United States. The company worked for then candidate Donald Trump. However, a Trump campaign official said the campaign used Republican data sources, not Cambridge Analytica, for voter information.

Facebook suspended Cambridge Analytica for violating its rule. And it was considering legal action against the company.

Those measures might not be enough to satisfy U.S. and British officials.

Britain's Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham said she is seeking permission to search Cambridge Analytica's London headquarters. She wanted to see whether Facebook did enough to protect users' personal information about themselves and their friends.

Several U.S. lawmakers want Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg to speak to Congress about the use of its users' information.

重点解析

1.personal information 个人信息

The privacy and security of your personal information is very important to us.

隐私和个人信息的安全，是对我们非常重要V=cy|y6Zz]]U+Vd8ck。

2.legal action 法律诉讼

Martin was thinking of taking legal action against Zuckerman.

马丁在考虑对朱克曼提起诉讼D1vIESBmR*YwIUJ|。

3.election campaign 竞选活动

The election campaign has now entered its final, decisive phase.

选举活动现在已进入了最后的决定性阶段,3wx-n9*.m=cGJPH-。

4.social media 社交媒体

We have all witnessed the power of social media.

我们见证了社交媒体的实力2NQokD4R2Yh。

5.This, in turn, provides companies with a complete picture of the user's birthday, list of friends, schools attended and other personal information.

in turn 轮流；反而

In the city squares the neon lights flashed in turn.

在城市广场上，霓虹灯依次闪烁vg2!N=6W#5,YgFo&3i15。

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.

当这些女人们逐一发言时，她们每个人都赢得了喝彩声Qs7avYba|aFcbm~7rC[。

6.The study was based on information from 58,000 volunteers who provided "likes" to Facebook, the American social media company.

based on 以...为基础

The study was based on data from 2,100 women.

这项研究基于从2,100名女性那里收集来的资料AON=_z,bA3;8u5。

The judge's ruling was based on the simple commonsense tenet that no man is above the law.

法官的判决基于一个常识性原则，即谁也不能凌驾于法律之上~#t[ZDv]OSRV。

参考译文

Facebook点赞或泄露大量个人信息

脸书“点赞”会泄露个人大量信息aLwKg.G0zEl[Gj;[nfR8。

研究人员在2013年的一项研究中展示了如何利用脸书的“赞”准确预测个人信息，包括用户的性别和种族H*3+YRLwsLG-;8b;。

研究人员还可以预测出用户的年龄、智力水平、宗教以及政治观点kx8FnNYlE3Bb0.T|。他们可以确定对方是否快乐或使用成瘾物质，甚至可以预测出对方父母是否会在其满21岁后分居MVTd92YP|W。

该研究以5.8万名用户向美国社交媒体公司——脸书所提供的点赞信息为依据8Uqr8y*u3MQHO8SY8。研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上V0-x@9F%&b~J(。

研究人员利用计算机程序寻找难以创建的模式，如喜欢炸薯条和高智商之间的联系jefqN4VPPrcky^,FdUP。

这份2013年的研究还发现，开放程度较高的脸书用户通常喜欢Hello Kitty品牌的产品8xfNh3Y,MM&。他们也很可能拥有非洲裔美国人血统，并且支持民主党的价值观!3cv6*1Vfd=O.-acOZk。

许多企业推荐用户使用脸书或其它社交媒体账户登陆公司网站dApvD5t6Rf]zi4%n]。其实，这向各公司提供了用户生日、好友列表、就读学校和其他个人信息.8,-V;(&aDLufY^F0oJ。

营销人员经常根据脸书上的“赞”和其它数字记录销售产品并改进服务thTlQ]pAfgleok0。

研究人员对可能滥用数字记录和个人信息的行为提出警告h,^sBxWRcHdl&WYg+yBK。他们指出，在未告知用户且没有得到对方同意的情况下，营销人员可以收集大量个人信息~1E;mTlG@lY!8。他们表示，公司、政府机构甚至脸书好友都可能收集用户不愿分享的信息iE#[Qq4_d~。

“剑桥分析”公司滥用脸书数据

上周，脸书公司报告称，一家名为“剑桥分析”的私人企业利用了脸书用户的数据tU6%kvLk[IGJ%4s7!。

脸书方面称，“剑桥分析”公司收集了5000多万脸书用户的个人信息，其中包括脸书的“赞”d(sSRip,mhb。脸书表示，这家公司从一款个性测试软件程序中获得了27万名下载该软件的用户的信息)EW-p;q[hg。这些用户同意分享个人信息进行研究YZk@8qJhEyJc6@。

一位研究人员还收集到他们所有好友的信息，此举符合2015年脸书作出的规定45Te8IT%D,!#)..。研究人员之后将信息出售给“剑桥分析”公司，该公司在2016年美国大选期间使用了这些数据YZJG*[75uENHJ。该公司为当时的总统候选人特朗普效力.NBS@IhCtVBbEq。然而，特朗普的竞选官员表示，竞选使用的选民信息来自于共和党的数据源，而不是“剑桥分析”公司EQ)jgv77CbB。

脸书以“剑桥分析”违反规定为由暂停了该公司的服务，并考虑对其发起诉讼Z,Gb,aMQ_b(vEJ&P5c~I。

这些措施可能无法让美国和英国官员满意[email protected])7E1HAZG;]E9Db。

英国信息专员伊丽莎白·德纳姆（Elizabeth Denham）表示，她正在申请搜查“剑桥分析”公司伦敦总部的授权O.w0JiZNvG。她好奇，脸书是否做了足够的措施保护用户个人及其好友的个人信息eb-dd#jR#!9。

一些美国议员想要脸书首席执行官马克·扎克伯格（Facebook chief）前往国会就其用户信息的使用接受质询n7A@e--fI-LSD#x8。

译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！